With the strong support and active participation of the National Energy "14th Five-Year" Development Planning Expert Committee and relevant ministries and commissions, especially the relevant departments of the National Energy Administration, since June 11, Beijing International Energy Expert Club, Asian Development Bank and Peking University Energy The Institute has co-hosted ten online seminars on "Advice on Energy Development in the 14th Five-Year Plan". The relevant situation and suggestions are now reported as follows:

A series of seminars

The organizer of each seminar will discuss the direction of the topic with your committee and relevant departments in advance, and carefully invite experts in selected fields to brainstorm issues related to the topic of the conference, or arrange one or two experts to give keynote speeches. Lead the discussion. Each seminar was attended by several expert committee members, and at most 5 academicians participated in the discussion, which ensured the high quality and high level of the discussion. Over the past four months, the following ten important topics have been discussed.

The new mission and new thinking of China's energy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan"; Denmark's experience in building a modern energy system; how does China control and reduce total oil consumption? What we have seen and heard about Europe's energy transition and its enlightenment to China's energy development; suggestions for the development of hydrogen energy in the "14th Five-Year Plan"; how to achieve total energy consumption and intensity control, and coordinated energy and environmental climate governance? Suggestions on rural energy development; transformation and reform of distribution network; how to use digital technology to build a modern energy system? New ideas, new models and new measures for energy conservation. After each meeting, we will complete a summary report, condense the main points and suggestions generated by the meeting (the compilation is attached), and report it to the relevant departments for reference.

Since the seminar was held, more than 100 experts from national ministries and commissions in energy and related fields, domestic and foreign energy companies, and research institutions have participated in the activity of providing suggestions. In each event, the keynote speakers made analysis and judgment on the domestic and foreign development trends of the topic area, and combined with their own research results, put forward some valuable suggestions for the development of this field during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. On this basis, the participating experts expressed their opinions and put forward a number of policy suggestions.

 Main Recommendations

1. Set more aggressive goals

During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's energy development will face uncertainties in economic recovery in the post-epidemic era, Sino-US relations, global governance, energy prices, and technological progress. Make systematic arrangements to deal with various variables at multiple levels such as information system and organizational system. Based on the three fundamentals of the overall deterioration of Sino-US relations, the slow recovery of the global economy in the post-epidemic era, and the acceleration of the global energy transition, it is suggested that the "14th Five-Year Plan" energy planning should get rid of the constraints of inertial thinking, and be guided by the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. Safety and cleanliness are the two most basic attributes of the "modern energy system", set more aggressive goals in terms of energy self-sufficiency and cleanliness, based on the substantial increase in energy self-sufficiency rate through electrification within 5-10 years, and a substantial increase in the proportion of clean energy. ratio, and establish an incentive mechanism to give full play to all aspects of strength to achieve this goal.

2. Implement the principle of giving priority to energy conservation

The focus of the "14th Five-Year Plan" energy plan should be shifted from supply-side expansion to demand-side and application-side that meet customer needs with high quality, incorporate energy conservation as the primary energy source into energy planning, and control total energy consumption, especially coal and oil consumption The total amount, the optimization control method and the implementation method. It is suggested that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the promotion ideas of energy saving work should be changed to improve energy efficiency from a system perspective.

The first is to realize the transition from energy-saving companies promoting energy-saving products to energy-consuming enterprises actively seeking solutions. Energy-consuming enterprises can be given certain pressure and motivation through policies, regulations and financial incentives, so that enterprises have enthusiasm and initiative, and at the same time, they can also be provided with tools for self-discovery of potential problems.

The second is to realize the transformation of energy-saving service companies from selling products to providing customers with overall solutions. It is necessary to change the practice of saving energy for the sake of energy saving, return to the needs of customers and take this as a guide, let energy saving become a part of customers' comprehensive energy service solutions, provide customers with convenience, save costs and create value.

3. Accelerate the reform of distribution network

The distribution network is an important starting point for the energy revolution and energy transformation, and it is also the main platform for the construction of the regional energy Internet. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's power distribution network system will face the "digital new infrastructure", the demand for electric vehicle charging piles will increase sharply, photovoltaic "capacity buildings", low-speed wind power and other distributed power sources will be connected, and energy storage technology will "Virtual power plants" require many new challenges such as interacting with the grid. Addressing these challenges calls for a revolution in the distribution network, requiring the distribution network to be more open and inclusive, allowing new market players to participate, and supporting the application of new technologies and business model innovation.

The first suggestion is to take distribution network planning as the basis and main content of power planning to reflect the shift of the focus of power grid development from the transmission network to the distribution network, and the transformation of power development from "electricity from afar" to "electricity from around". Study the pros and cons of reform schemes such as separation of transmission and distribution, franchising, and distribution, and provide institutional guarantees for the transformation of distribution networks. The second is to adjust the regulatory thinking. In the context of the rapid change of the power industry structure by renewable distributed energy and digital technology, the thinking of power supervision will be changed, the power distribution field will be activated, and the power distribution field will become a real Internet innovation platform. Break the industry silos in the energy system, fully explore flexible and dispatchable resources in the integrated energy system, promote the high integration of the distribution network and other infrastructures, achieve integration efficiency, and cultivate new models and formats of infrastructure collaboration.

4. Change the thinking of rural energy development

The construction of China's modern energy system is inseparable from the vast rural areas. Not only the cooking, heating, hot water and travel of rural residents require clean, reliable and affordable energy supply, but also the local development and utilization of renewable energy resources in rural areas is an important part of the modern energy supply and environmental governance system. Without a modern rural energy production and consumption system, a modern energy system at the national level will be incomplete.

It is suggested that the "14th Five-Year" energy plan should elevate the rural energy revolution to a strategic level, set up a special chapter on "Rural Energy Issues", and carry out the formulation of the "Medium and Long-Term Rural Energy Development Strategic Plan". The "medium and long-term rural energy development strategic plan" should coordinate national strategies such as national energy development, urban-rural integrated development, beautiful rural construction, and rural revitalization, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of all departments, levels, and all aspects of society. Taking a long-term view, we will steadily advance the modernization of rural energy.

In terms of specific methods, change the development idea that rural areas are at the end of energy supply for a long time, and the centralized energy supply system is the main energy supply system for rural areas. Rural areas are not only energy demanders, but also more likely to be energy suppliers. On the one hand, they can solve their own energy problems and various organic wastes (agricultural and forestry residues, household waste, livestock and poultry manure, fruit and vegetable waste, domestic sewage, etc.) On the other hand, through distributed power generation, biomass gas production and biomass particulate matter supply, while greatly improving the rural energy environment, the rural distribution network infrastructure can also be strengthened. And provide energy to nearby towns. In this scenario, farmers are both energy consumers and producers, and their income can be further increased through the dual production and dual output of food and energy.

5. Pay attention to the energy flexibility resource market

With the falling costs of renewable electricity and energy storage technologies and the widespread adoption of digital technologies, the business landscape of the electricity market will undergo further major changes. The power industry is no longer a traditional linear closed system of "generating, transmitting, transforming, distributing, and using", but a relationship of more intelligent interaction, more flexibility, flexibility, safety, controllability, and openness and sharing. In such a new landscape, flexible resources that can respond to changes in electricity supply and demand in a timely manner, including both the supply side and the demand side, become very important.

Suggestion one is to establish a flexible power resource market, using the power and price mechanism of the market to tap the flexible power resources that the power system, thermal system, transportation system and power demand side can provide, and provide good application scenarios and innovations for these resources. solutions, and establish a corresponding trading system.

The second is to formulate an appropriate price compensation mechanism to encourage energy storage facilities and electric vehicles to participate in peak regulation and frequency regulation in the power market, solve the problems of intermittency and instability of terminal renewable energy power, and absorb fluctuating wind and solar power generation resources. Explore the application of flexible resources such as heat storage and cold storage in power system flexibility.

6. Promote regional energy development

"District energy" refers to maximizing the use of locally available heat sources and power sources within a certain area. Through digital and intelligent control methods, the demand and supply can be accurately matched as much as possible, so as to reduce energy waste and ensure efficient and clean production. Satisfy the heating, cooling and power needs within the area. The identification and utilization of local heat sources is particularly important for district energy. Denmark has achieved the transition from being highly dependent on energy imports to being almost self-sufficient today through district energy. From the waste heat of thermal power plants at the beginning, to the current biomass such as domestic waste, straw, biogas, pig farm waste, and the extraction of low-quality heat sources through heat pump technology, combined with solar heat storage and electricity storage facilities, such a regional energy technology It enables centralized heating even in places without waste heat, and realizes high-quality utilization of low-quality energy, especially the recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste, which not only solves the problem of pollution, but also solves the problems of energy security and low-carbon development.

It is recommended to attach great importance to the integrated application of energy technology in the region, maximize the role of local resource endowments, improve the awareness of "local multi-energy" utilization of regional energy, and improve the overall utilization efficiency of the energy system in the region; use special district heating planning tools to optimize Local multi-energy system to identify the most economical and technically feasible environmental protection solutions; establish a special district heating plan and agency responsible for formulating district heating plans; mobilize the enthusiasm of the regional level in energy security and low-carbon transformation, for example, consider Pilot the construction of a modernized regional-level "urban regional energy" development model in East China.

7. Set up chapters for heating planning

Heat, electricity and transportation are the three main energy service demands of human society. my country's energy planning traditionally pays attention to the driving forces of electricity and transportation, while neglecting heat planning, including medium- and high-temperature heat supply for industries that are difficult to reduce emissions, and heating and cooling demand for civil buildings.

It is recommended to attach great importance to the role of heating in the modern energy system, greatly improve the heating system, and reform the heating metering and charging system; make full use of various heat pump technologies for residential heating and cooling, and the heating in the Yangtze River Basin can mainly rely on heat pumps, and solar energy Collectors and photovoltaics combine to form an affordable district heating solution based on local resources. Increase the application of heat storage equipment in smart heating systems. Fully tap the potential of biomass clean heating.

8. Formulate a hydrogen energy development strategy

Hydrogen energy is rich in sources and widely used. In the process of providing energy services, it can achieve zero carbon emissions and is expected to become an "integrator" of energy transformation. The core technology of its industrial chain is becoming the commanding height of global energy technology research and development and innovation. Japan, South Korea, the United States, Germany and the European Union have all attached great importance to the development of hydrogen energy, and have formulated relevant roadmaps or development strategies. Local governments and enterprises in my country are highly motivated to invest in hydrogen energy, but at the national level, the positioning of hydrogen energy in the energy system is not yet clear, and related technology research and development and industrial layout are calling for a clear national strategy.

It is recommended to do a good job in the top-level design and incorporate hydrogen energy into my country's "14th Five-Year" energy strategic plan. As an important part of the modern energy system, the strategic positioning of hydrogen energy is given from the macro policy level. Research and formulate a technical roadmap for the development of hydrogen energy in my country, clarify the positioning of hydrogen energy in various fields, clarify the competent department of hydrogen energy, and establish a cross-departmental coordination mechanism.

Expand the application scenarios of hydrogen energy, transforming from a single field of automobiles to multiple scenarios of freight transportation, construction and industrial raw materials. Carry out systematic demonstrations in various application fields, and actively explore business models for the large-scale development of hydrogen energy. Avoid the phenomenon of a lot of waste of funds caused by the homogenization of hydrogen energy development in various places, and change the practice of blind subsidies imitating the early development of electric vehicles.

9. Pay attention to the application of digital technology

Digital information technology has become the greatest scientific and technological force driving human development. Digital technology is advancing from the first stage with "Internet +" as the main means to the second stage with the Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain as the main means, and more industries will be re-emphasized by the new wave of digitalization. plastic. As a new productive force, digital technology can bring new kinetic energy to the revolution of energy production, consumption, technology and system. The form of "Energy Internet" breaks the industry and technical barriers between heterogeneous energy systems and between multiple entities due to technology, mechanism and other reasons, promotes the optimal allocation of resources in a wider range, and builds electricity, natural gas and heat. A mutually beneficial and win-win energy Internet ecosystem with Internet operators promotes the transition from "physical energy consumption" to comprehensive consumption of "energy, information, and services". suggestion:

Attaches great importance to the huge driving force of digital technology on energy transformation, and encourages energy enterprises to carry out digital transformation. On the basis of the overall structure of the "Energy Internet" in the power system, it is recommended to plan the overall structure of the digital development of the energy and chemical industry, and clarify key applications. Fields and Pilot Projects.

In the field of energy digitalization, it is recommended that the government issue documents to actively and encourage and support private enterprises to enter the state-owned enterprise market, provide application scenarios for the technology of private enterprises, and achieve a win-win situation with central and state-owned enterprises. On the one hand, it helps central and state-owned enterprises to realize digital technology upgrading and transformation, making them more efficient and dynamic; on the other hand, it provides application scenarios for innovative and dynamic private enterprises, making them become unicorns that change the industry.

On the basis of the hard power of energy equipment, through the integration of digital industry and power equipment industry, combining leading ICT technology with mature power equipment and technology, enhancing the soft power of China's energy industry, and accelerating the cultivation of high-end international consulting in the energy industry ability. It is suggested that the "14th Five-Year Plan", while planning the development of infrastructure and hardware, should pay more attention to the construction of soft power, especially the construction of energy information system and research capacity, and regard this as an important part of the construction of modern energy system.

10. Accelerate the system revolution

Institutional revolution is the core of the "four revolutions and one cooperation" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping. The institutional revolution does not require investment and construction like the production revolution, consumption revolution and technological revolution, but requires cycles. The institutional revolution is an outline, with low implementation costs and great benefits. With the rapid development of energy technology and digital technology, the productivity of my country's energy sector has been greatly improved. The existing institutional mechanisms have seriously hampered enterprises and technological innovation. It is urgent to make timely adjustments in production relations through institutional revolution in order to give full play to the productivity. effect.

It is suggested that the construction of energy governance system should be regarded as the core work of the "14th Five-Year" modern energy system construction plan. Through the reform of the system and mechanism, the obstacles to the application and promotion of new technologies will be cleared, and the innovation ability of the whole people will be stimulated. Implement vigorous reforms in the energy sector to keep pace with the times. The first is to complete the reform of the oil management system during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, including the reform of the import and export of crude oil and refined oil, the pricing of refined oil and the crude oil reserve system. The second is to initially establish a natural gas market for "gas-gas" competition, including the construction of natural gas trading hubs and regional natural gas markets. The third is to start the second power system reform in the true sense, so that the power distribution system can effectively absorb the latest technologies and become an important platform for the construction of the energy Internet. Energy reform should encourage regions or provinces that have the conditions to conduct pilot projects.

Reform the current energy management system, establish a more effective policy formulation coordination and supervision system, strengthen the overall planning of energy development, and avoid fragmentation and patchwork of planning work, which will eventually lead to the failure of even the best planning. It is recommended to designate or set up corresponding competent departments at the national level to coordinate energy demand-side governance and supply-side management, and on the premise of ensuring energy security, systematically promote the implementation of energy conservation, emission reduction and 2060 carbon neutrality goals.

11. Encourage all people to participate in the energy transition

Energy transition is a new global competition that integrates technological innovation, institutional innovation and governance system innovation. It needs to be driven by more aggressive goals (such as carbon neutrality by 2060) and through the design of reasonable market mechanisms to stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole people. Innovation, encourage the participation of all people, and win a people's war for energy transition. Energy transition also requires cultivating a low-carbon and clean "energy culture", integrating energy conservation and emission reduction into the lives, behaviors and travel patterns of ordinary people, and promoting energy transition through lifestyle changes.

Instructions

The purpose of the series of suggestions and suggestions activities is not to participate in the drafting of the national "14th Five-Year" energy plan, but to provide some new ideas for the drafting of the plan. Therefore, the suggestions and suggestions activities are not comprehensive, and do not involve topics that the expert committee thinks do not need to be discussed. These areas are mainly the development of traditional fossil energy, such as how to reduce coal consumption and how to speed up the exploration and development of oil and gas resources.

This series of activities is a concrete practice to implement the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on the "14th Five-Year Plan" preparation work to "open the door to ask for policies, ask the people for plans, and brainstorm ideas". Relevant departments and bureaus of the Energy Bureau gave constructive guidance, and the related activities achieved good results.

On the basis of having successfully held ten conferences, our three co-organizers will continue to maintain close communication with your committee, and further develop suggestions and suggestions on some topics of common interest.